The making of a legend

The Bolivian Diary
By Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara.
HarperCollins.
Pages: 303. Rs 295.


Victoria & Albert Museum, London, held an exhibition on Che Guevara in 2006. Director Steven Soderbergh made a film on Guevara succinctly called Che which opened in January, 2009. A search on the Net yields a Che store that sells knick-knacks on Guevara. Time magazine rated Guevara as one of the 150 most influential people of the 20th century. This ‘Che’ cult began in the 1960s with Alberto Kordo’s photograph of Guevara, aptly titled ‘Guerrillero’. Since his death in 1967, the stylised visage of Ernesto Guevara has become an icon of radical chic within popular culture. But more importantly, he is revered even today as a symbol of freedom.

In 1966, Guevara left to challenge the military dictatorship in Bolivia and begin "a revolutionary movement that would extend throughout the continent of Latin America". The Bolivian Diary is an account of Guevara’s struggle to put together a band of guerrillas and overthrow an America-backed dictatorship. The narrative of this account is short and pithy and in the nature of short dated notes made by Che. Initially, the struggle made good progress but it ended on a tragic note with the arrest and execution of Guevara.

The books is a compelling and vivid account of the revolution in Cuba and Bolivia. But it is the revolutionary fervour underlying the narratives that makes the account truly moving. The figure of Che with an army beret and a Cuban cigar becomes synonymous with iconic heroism.

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Reminiscences Of The Cuban Revolutionary War

By Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara.
HarperCollins.
Pages 314. Rs 295

Victoria & Albert Museum, London, held an exhibition on Che Guevara in 2006. Director Steven Soderbergh made a film on Guevara succinctly called Che which opened in January, 2009. A search on the Net yields a Che store that sells knick-knacks on Guevara. Time magazine rated Guevara as one of the 150 most influential people of the 20th century. This ‘Che’ cult began in the 1960s with Alberto Kordo’s photograph of Guevara, aptly titled ‘Guerrillero’. Since his death in 1967, the stylised visage of Ernesto Guevara has become an icon of radical chic within popular culture. But more importantly, he is revered even today as a symbol of freedom.

Guevara’s Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War is a gripping accounts of the guerrilla war waged by him and his band of guerrillas against capitalistic regimes in Cuba and Bolivia. The Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War takes the reader back to July, 1955, when Guevara met Raul and Fiedel Castro in Mexico and enlisted in the guerrilla expedition to overthrow the Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista.

In November, 1956, Guevara began the historic armed struggle from Cuba’s Sierra Maestra mountains. In the initial phase of the struggle, Guevara, a doctor by profession, admitted to being faced with the dilemma of choosing between his "devotion to medicine" and his "duty as a revolutionary soldier". Very soon, the revolutionary in him triumphed and he played a pivotal role in the two-year campaign that deposed the Batista regime. The blood and gore of the many skirmishes at La Plata or Bueycito, the final offensive at Santa Clara, the betrayal by "traitor" informers and the death of rebel companions is described in stark detail.

The march on rugged terrain hunched under packs of ammunition and weapons, the scarcity of food and water, the low morale of soldiers et al take the reader to the very heart of the revolution. The photographs add to the quality of stark authenticity of the narrative. What comes through clearly in the narrative is the pledge of the rebels to "struggle to the last drop of our rebel blood to make this land a sovereign republic with the true attributes of a nation that is happy, democratic and fraternal".

The books is a compelling and vivid account of the revolution in Cuba. But it is the revolutionary fervour underlying the narratives that makes the account truly moving. The figure of Che with an army beret and a Cuban cigar becomes synonymous with iconic heroism.

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The Forgotten World

Recovering the Lost Tongue: The Saga of Environmental Struggles in Central India
By Rahul Banerjee
Prachee Publications
Pages: 345, Price: Rs 250.

Snippets of environmental and social struggles of the indigenous populace of Central India have often reached urban centres through the media. But such stories go through a process of dehumanization even as they become print in a newspaper. The truth of the struggle of a living breathing human being becomes lost in a quagmire of statistical data. Also, at times the struggle of the masses is negated as it merges with the name of an established leader. We all have at one time or the other read about the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’, a mass movement waged against the state by the Adivasis but in our mind the chief protagonist of the struggle has been Medha Patkar. We have forgotten about the other characters of this movement, the Bhil Adivasis who fought not only the repression launched by the state machinery to quell their movement but also waged their own personal battle against debilitating poverty and illiteracy. These characters of a forgotten world have been brought to life with panache by Rahul Banerjee in his book ‘Recovering the Lost Tongue’. In the manner of Gayans or traditional Bhil bards, Banerjee has narrated a tale of the exploitation of the adivasis who slowly learnt to raise their voice against oppression and demand their rights.

Banerjee brings to life Khemla’s single-handed crusade against police atrocities on Bhil Advisis. The Indian Forest Act and the Land Acquisition Act had over the years disinherited the Adivasis from forest land. Although it was against the law, the forest officials allowed adivasis to cultivate encroached forestland or newars ‘in exchange for hefty bribes’. Banerjee narrates the struggle of Khemraj against this malpractice. The narration then veers towards Subadra who symbolizes the emancipated adivasi woman. Subadra joins various NGOs and soon becomes a part of the rare band of educated adivasi women who work for the upliftment of their kind. What makes the saga especially interesting, warming and touching is Banerjee’s physical presence in the narrative. Banerjee is no omnipresent auteur. He is simply the bajariya or non-adivasi activist who attempts to bring some semblance of harmony back into the life of nature’s children and wholeheartedly joins them in their struggle to retain their land and villages. Banerjee’s marriage to Subhadra finally makes him a part of the adivasi community. No wonder his narration has a quality of authenticity.

‘Recovering the Lost Tongue’ is perhaps one of the most interesting and riveting books that I have read in a long time. Environmental and social struggle as subjects do not normally make for enjoyable reading. Yet, what makes the book different is the fact that the author is a part of the milieu and enlivens the narrative with stories, myths and songs of the adivasi community. The narration of anecdotes about Baba Amte and Patkar, the environmental stalwarts, the discussion on the relevance of Gandhianism and Marxism today, the digression into Greek mythology, Camus, Buddha or even the romantic predilection of the Bhils et al adds to the enjoyment of the book. A wonderful book and a great read.

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Sound of Water

Sound of Water
by Sanjay Bahadur.
Roli Books.
Pages 168. Rs 195.


Mining today finds mention only in environmental forums, with environmentalists holding forth loudly on how defacing it is and how crippling to the landscape. The human aspect, predictably, is lost in academic wrangling. A human disaster tweaks the academic posturing only to settle back into statistics in disaster management texts.

Sanjay Bahadur’s The Sound Of Water’ does not allow the reader to take refuge in such academic trivia. Bahadur with a deliberate brutality cuts through the statistics shrouding the Bagdighi colliery disaster that killed dozens of miners in 2001 and brings the reader face to face with the deadly ‘beast’ that stalks miners in the ‘tomb dark womb of the earth.’ The reader is shoved willy-nilly into the labyrinth of Mine No 3 along with the condemned and expendable five; Raimoti, Arif, Birsa, Lakhan and Sagan. Like Birsa, the reader can feel the gorge rising when faced with the ferocity of the ‘charging beast’, the black remorseless water that rushes into the mine ‘swamping life’. ‘The cold sinewy paw’ of the water alternately immobilizes and stimulates panic in both Arif and the reader. Arif and Raimoti caught in a pre-death situation struggle with the questions of ‘Who wants to die?’ and ‘Why do you want to live?’ This juxtaposition of life and death ‘I exist. I am going numb’ becomes the leit motif of the novel and claws into the consciousness of the reader. The connection between the reader and the protagonists, thus, is complete and unbroken. Against the background of this epic struggle is the tragedy of Bhibhash, the mining engineer who is lost to his family and who seeks oblivion in ‘whiskey’ and then in the dark swirling water of the inundated mine. But his sacrificial death is submerged in the political red tape that needs a ‘sacrificial lamb’ in Bhibhash. The political posturing of the Unionist Ghosh Babu and Pandeyji and the utter detachment of Karna reflect an insensitive establishment.

The narrative has a quality of wrenching sadness as it recreates the human tragedy of miners who drink themselves into oblivion to escape the encroaching soul-destroying darkness of the mines. The nightmare of death by water with its quality of utter hopelessness leaves an indelible mark. At times the overt and sometimes encroaching presence of the author does create a degree of discomfort but the consciousness of being walked along by the author on a preordained path dissipates as the narrative gathers momentum and inexorably moves towards its deadly finale. But in the final analysis, it is not Bahadur the deft craftsman, nor Bahadur the ultimate storyteller, that makes the lasting impression. It is the portrayal of the epic struggle of life and death that lifts the novel from the moorings of ordinariness. A great debut novel that transcends the limits of story telling and in doing so transforms into an archetype of life itself.

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The Girl from Foreign

The Girl From Foreign:
A Search for Shipwrecked Ancestors,
Forgotten Histories and a Sense of Home
By Sadia Shepard
Penguin Books
Pages: 364, Price: Rs 450.
The literature of diaspora has caught the imagination of literature lovers all over the world. And why not? An empathy with the ‘rootlessness’ of the ‘diasporic’ protagonist often becomes the inspiration to undertake a personal voyage of self-discovery.

Sadia Shepard’s ‘The Girl From Foreign’ with its long appendage ‘A search for shipwrecked ancestors, Forgotten Histories and a Sense of Home’ appears to be an attempt at a fiction of diaspora. Yet it would be unfair to place this book in such a cliched groove. Sadia’s search for her Bene Israel roots in Bombay has none of the disoriented emptiness of a ‘diasporic’ protagonist .Sadia’s journey is, in fact, a voyage of joyous discovery as she moves from one synagogue to another on the Konkan coast or interacts with the Indian Jewish community and joins them in the Jewish festivals of ‘Sukkot’ and ‘Simchar Torah’. Sadia undertakes the journey at the behest of ‘Nana’, her grandmother who was born Rachel Jacobs, a Jew in Mumbai and who later married a Muslim and shifted to Pakistan after the partition. Her Nana’s directive ‘Go To India, study your ancestors’ takes Sadia on an untrodden path to India where armed with a camera and a pen she enthusiastically etches the Bene Israel community on the pages of her book. The life of the Indian Jews is sketched for the readers through small vignettes of the Waskars of Revdanda, the Chordekars of Chorde and Mr Ellis of Alibag. The author’s journey to her Jewish roots is however overlaid with the pain of losing her beloved grandmother. The book also talks about the regret and pain of a grandmother who even after several decades of leaving Bombay clings to the refrain ‘I should’nt have left’.

The name of the book suggests a serious historical sojourn into the life of ancestors but as the reader moves through the pages of the book it becomes clear that despite the scholarly title, the focus is on the present day joys and sorrows of the community of Bene Israel in India. The history of the Jews can be extracted through snippets of conversation. The arrival of the Jews to India is summed up in a few lines_“A very long time ago, your ancestors left Israel in a ship and they were shipwrecked in India.”

Interestingly, Sadia’s story moves back and forth between her childhood with Nana and her present day search for her Jewish roots . It also recounts how she was brought up by three parents- a Christian father, a Muslim mother and a Jewish grandmother. And yet there is no angst generated by religious conflict. Sadia absorbs in her persona the qualities of all religions. The simplicity of acceptance of three religions is unique to her narrative. At the end of it all ‘Rachel Jacobs’ merges with ‘Rahat Ali’ and Sadia becomes in turn Christian, Jewish and Muslim. The book with its smattering of history and the simplicity of its narrative is a story well told. An interesting and enjoyable read.

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